Social Policies
"Honesty is the best policy."
- Miguel de Cervantes
Social Policies represent the way that you choose to govern your people. Will you be an authoritarian ruler, sacrificing a little freedom for discipline and increased productivity? Will you organize your civilization to have a strong military, or will you concentrate their efforts on expanding culture? Will you have a monarchy, or a democracy?
Social policies have concrete effects in play. Some may increase your cities' production, while others might generate more wealth, and still others might create more effective military units.
There are no right or wrong social policy choices in the game. One policy may be better for a given circumstance than another (say, if you're surrounded by belligerent civs you may want to take a different path than if you're relatively isolated), and one may better suit your play style. Try them out and see.
Social policies have concrete effects in play. Some may increase your cities' production, while others might generate more wealth, and still others might create more effective military units.
There are no right or wrong social policy choices in the game. One policy may be better for a given circumstance than another (say, if you're surrounded by belligerent civs you may want to take a different path than if you're relatively isolated), and one may better suit your play style. Try them out and see.
Tradition
Game Info:
Tradition focuses on generating ⭐ Great People and the construction of an impressive 🏛️ Capital.
Adopting Tradition grants:
• +3 🌾 Food, +2 Population, and +2 😊 Happiness in the 🏛️ Capital.
• +1 🎵 Culture in the 🏛️ Capital for every 2 Citizens.
Each Tradition policy unlocked grants:
• +1 🌾 Food in every City, and +1 ⚗️ Science in your 🏛️ Capital.
Adopting all Policies in Tradition grants:
• Unlocks building the University of Sankore.
• +1 🌾 Food and 🔨 Production from all Great Person Improvements and Landmarks.
• Throne Room built in 🏛️ Capital (+10% to all Yields, +1 City tile working range, 1 Great Work of Music slot, 1 Musician Slot).
• Allows for the purchase of Great Engineers with 🕊️ Faith starting in the Industrial Era.
Adopting Tradition grants:
• +3 🌾 Food, +2 Population, and +2 😊 Happiness in the 🏛️ Capital.
• +1 🎵 Culture in the 🏛️ Capital for every 2 Citizens.
Each Tradition policy unlocked grants:
• +1 🌾 Food in every City, and +1 ⚗️ Science in your 🏛️ Capital.
Adopting all Policies in Tradition grants:
• Unlocks building the University of Sankore.
• +1 🌾 Food and 🔨 Production from all Great Person Improvements and Landmarks.
• Throne Room built in 🏛️ Capital (+10% to all Yields, +1 City tile working range, 1 Great Work of Music slot, 1 Musician Slot).
• Allows for the purchase of Great Engineers with 🕊️ Faith starting in the Industrial Era.
Historical Info:
Tradition is the policy of honoring the decisions made by one's ancestors and all earlier rulers of the state. New policies are viewed with deep suspicion and distrust. Even in allegedly forward-thinking countries like the United States, tradition can be quite powerful indeed, as may be seen in the tension between those who favor strict adherence to the original literal meaning of the US Constitution, and those who believe that the Constitution must be more broadly interpreted in light of the changing nature of the United States and the world. The former group would be considered to be more traditionalist than the latter.
Ceremony
Game Info:
Ceremony
• +1 😊 Happiness from National Wonders with Building requirements.
• +25% 🔨 Production toward National Wonders with Building requirements.
• Royal Astrologer built in 🏛️ Capital (+3 ⚗️ Science, +1 ⚗️ Science to all Councils, Smokehouses, and Herbalists; 1 Scientist Slot).
• +1 😊 Happiness from National Wonders with Building requirements.
• +25% 🔨 Production toward National Wonders with Building requirements.
• Royal Astrologer built in 🏛️ Capital (+3 ⚗️ Science, +1 ⚗️ Science to all Councils, Smokehouses, and Herbalists; 1 Scientist Slot).
Historical Info:
A ceremony is an event of ritual significance, performed on a special occasion. The word may be of Etruscan origin, via the Latin caerimonia. One of the major markers of a court is ceremony. Most monarchal courts included ceremonies concerning the investiture or coronation of the monarch and audiences with the monarch. Some courts had ceremonies around the waking and the sleeping of the monarch called a levee. Orders of chivalry as honorific orders became an important part of court culture starting in the 15th century. They were the right of the monarch to create and grant as the fount of honour.
Justice
Game Info:
Justice
• +1 🔨 Production in every City.
• Cities with a garrison gain +25% 🏹 Ranged Combat Strength.
• Royal Guardhouse built in 🏛️ Capital (+3 🔨 Production, +2 ⚔️ Defense, +50 Hit Points, +10% Military Supply from Population in all Cities, 1 Engineer Slot).
• +1 🔨 Production in every City.
• Cities with a garrison gain +25% 🏹 Ranged Combat Strength.
• Royal Guardhouse built in 🏛️ Capital (+3 🔨 Production, +2 ⚔️ Defense, +50 Hit Points, +10% Military Supply from Population in all Cities, 1 Engineer Slot).
Historical Info:
Justice, in its broadest context, includes both the attainment of that which is just and the philosophical discussion of that which is just. The concept of justice is based on numerous fields, and many differing viewpoints and perspectives including the concepts of moral correctness based on law, equity, ethics, rationality, religion, and fairness. Often, the general discussion of justice is divided into the realm of societal justice as found in philosophy, theology and religion, and, procedural justice as found in the study and application of the law.
Majesty
Game Info:
Majesty
• Specialists in 🏛️ Capital consume half the normal amount of 🌾 Food.
• Palace Gardens built in 🏛️ Capital (+5 🌾 Food, +25% ⭐ Great Person Rate, -2 Unhappiness from Urbanization, 1 Great Work of Writing slot, 1 Writer Slot).
• Specialists in 🏛️ Capital consume half the normal amount of 🌾 Food.
• Palace Gardens built in 🏛️ Capital (+5 🌾 Food, +25% ⭐ Great Person Rate, -2 Unhappiness from Urbanization, 1 Great Work of Writing slot, 1 Writer Slot).
Historical Info:
Majesty is an English word derived ultimately from the Latin maiestas, meaning greatness, and used as a style by many monarchs, usually kings or emperors. Where used, the style outranks [Royal] Highness. It has cognates in many other languages.
Sovereignty
Game Info:
Sovereignty
• 🎵 Culture cost of tiles reduced by 20% (exponentially) in all Cities.
• Court Chapel built in 🏛️ Capital (+3 🕊️ Faith, 1 Great Work of Art or Artifact slot, 1 Artist Slot).
• 🎵 Culture cost of tiles reduced by 20% (exponentially) in all Cities.
• Court Chapel built in 🏛️ Capital (+3 🕊️ Faith, 1 Great Work of Art or Artifact slot, 1 Artist Slot).
Historical Info:
Sovereignty is understood in jurisprudence as the full right and power of a governing body to govern itself without any interference from outside sources or bodies. In political theory, sovereignty is a substantive term designating supreme authority over some polity. It is a basic principle underlying the dominant Westphalian model of state foundation.
Splendor
Game Info:
Splendor
• Expending a ⭐ Great Person grants 50 🎵 Culture, scaling with Era.
• State Treasury built in 🏛️ Capital (+4 💰 Gold, +2 🎵 Culture to all Monuments, Gardens, and Baths; 1 Merchant Slot).
• Expending a ⭐ Great Person grants 50 🎵 Culture, scaling with Era.
• State Treasury built in 🏛️ Capital (+4 💰 Gold, +2 🎵 Culture to all Monuments, Gardens, and Baths; 1 Merchant Slot).
Historical Info:
Under this policy, the power and prestige in a nation is held by those who own the land. The more land one owns, the more powerful one is. In some cases land ownership may be limited to members of a certain class, tribe, religion, or even gender. Great care must be taken by the landed elite to see to it that the great unwashed mass of peasants don't become angry with them, as such situations often end with a radical redistribution of land, which may or may not be accompanied by the executions of the former landowners.
Progress
Game Info:
Progress is best for civilizations which desire robust infrastructure and scientific advancement.
Adopting Progress grants:
• Receive 20 ⚗️ Science when a Citizen is born in your 🏛️ Capital and 15 ⚗️ Science for every Citizen already in your 🏛️ Capital, both scaling with Era.
• Receive 15 🎵 Culture when a Technology is researched, scaling with Era, and for every Technology already unlocked (not scaling with Era).
Each Progress policy unlocked grants:
• Gain an additional 15 🎵 Culture when a Technology is researched, scaling with Era.
Adopting all policies in Progress grants:
• Unlocks building the Forbidden Palace.
• Receive 25 💰 Gold when a Citizen is born in any city, scaling with Era.
• Allows for the purchase of Great Writers with 🕊️ Faith starting in the Industrial Era.
Adopting Progress grants:
• Receive 20 ⚗️ Science when a Citizen is born in your 🏛️ Capital and 15 ⚗️ Science for every Citizen already in your 🏛️ Capital, both scaling with Era.
• Receive 15 🎵 Culture when a Technology is researched, scaling with Era, and for every Technology already unlocked (not scaling with Era).
Each Progress policy unlocked grants:
• Gain an additional 15 🎵 Culture when a Technology is researched, scaling with Era.
Adopting all policies in Progress grants:
• Unlocks building the Forbidden Palace.
• Receive 25 💰 Gold when a Citizen is born in any city, scaling with Era.
• Allows for the purchase of Great Writers with 🕊️ Faith starting in the Industrial Era.
Historical Info:
In intellectual history, the Idea of Progress is the idea that advances in technology, science, and social organization can produce an improvement in the human condition. That is, people can become better in terms of quality of life (social progress) through economic development (modernization), and the application of science and technology (scientific progress). The assumption is that the process will happen once people apply their reason and skills, for it is not divinely foreordained. The role of the expert is to identify hindrances that slow or neutralize progress.
Equality
Game Info:
Equality
• +1 😊 Happiness in every City and +1 😊 Happiness for every 15 Citizens in a City.
• -1 Unhappiness from 🌾 and 🔨 Distress, 💰 Poverty, ⚗️ Illiteracy, and 🎵 Boredom in all Cities.
• +1 😊 Happiness in every City and +1 😊 Happiness for every 15 Citizens in a City.
• -1 Unhappiness from 🌾 and 🔨 Distress, 💰 Poverty, ⚗️ Illiteracy, and 🎵 Boredom in all Cities.
Historical Info:
Social equality is a state of affairs in which all people within a specific society or isolated group have the same status in certain respects, often including civil rights, freedom of speech, property rights, and equal access to social goods and services. However, it also includes concepts of health equity, economic equality and other social securities. It also includes equal opportunities and obligations, and so involves the whole of society. Social equality requires the absence of legally enforced social class or caste boundaries and the absence of discrimination motivated by an inalienable part of a person's identity.
Expertise
Game Info:
Expertise
• +15% 🔨 Production toward Buildings.
• Cities earn +10 🎵 Culture when they construct Buildings, scaling with Era.
• +15% 🔨 Production toward Buildings.
• Cities earn +10 🎵 Culture when they construct Buildings, scaling with Era.
Historical Info:
An expert is someone widely recognized as a reliable source of technique or skill whose faculty for judging or deciding rightly, justly, or wisely is accorded authority and status by peers or the public in a specific well-distinguished domain. An expert, more generally, is a person with extensive knowledge or ability based on research, experience, or occupation and in a particular area of study. Experts are called in for advice on their respective subject, but they do not always agree on the particulars of a field of study. An expert can be believed, by virtue of credential, training, education, profession, publication or experience, to have special knowledge of a subject beyond that of the average person, sufficient that others may officially (and legally) rely upon the individual's opinion. Historically, an expert was referred to as a sage (Sophos). The individual was usually a profound thinker distinguished for wisdom and sound judgment.
Fraternity
Game Info:
Fraternity
• +3 🌾 Food in every City.
• +3 ⚗️ Science from 🔗 City Connections.
• +3 🌾 Food in every City.
• +3 ⚗️ Science from 🔗 City Connections.
Historical Info:
In philosophy, fraternity is a kind of ethical relationship between people, which is based on love and solidarity. A synonym of fraternity is brotherhood. Fraternity is mentioned in the national motto of France, Liberté, égalité, fraternité (Liberty, equality, fraternity). Today, connotions of fraternities vary according to the context, including companionships and brotherhoods dedicated to the religious, intellectual, academic, physical and/or social pursuits of its members. Additionally, in modern times, it sometimes connotes a secret society, especially regarding freemasonry, odd fellows and various academic and student societies.
Liberty
Game Info:
Liberty
• +2 💰 Gold in every City.
• +25% Tile improvement rate.
• A Worker appears near the 🏛️ Capital.
• +2 💰 Gold in every City.
• +25% Tile improvement rate.
• A Worker appears near the 🏛️ Capital.
Historical Info:
The modern concept of political liberty has its origins in the Greek concepts of free labor and slave labor. To be free, to the Greeks, was to not have a master, to be independent from a master (to live like one likes). That was the original Greek concept of freedom. It is closely linked with the concept of democracy.
Organization
Game Info:
Organization
• +2 🔨 Production in every City.
• +25% 🔨 Production toward Workers and Trade Units.
• +1 👣 Movement for Workers.
• +2 🔨 Production in every City.
• +25% 🔨 Production toward Workers and Trade Units.
• +1 👣 Movement for Workers.
Historical Info:
City organization, also called 'Urban planning,' is a technical and political process concerned with the use of land and design of the urban environment, including air and water and infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas such as transportation and distribution networks. Urban planning guides and ensures the orderly development of settlements and satellite communities which commute into and out of urban areas or share resources with it. It concerns itself with research and analysis, strategic thinking, architecture, urban design, public consultation, policy recommendations, implementation and management.
Authority
Game Info:
Authority will greatly benefit warlike and expansionist civilizations.
Adopting Authority grants:
• +25% combat bonus VS Barbarians and receive announcements when Barbarian Camps spawn in revealed territory.
• Receive 25 🎵 Culture when you clear Barbarian Camps, scaling with Era.
• Receive ⚗️ Science and 🎵 Culture when you kill a Unit equal to 50% of its ⚔️ Strength.
• +1 🔨 Production in every City.
Each Authority policy unlocked grants:
• Receive ⚗️ Science and 🎵 Culture when you kill a Unit equal to 10% of its ⚔️ Strength.
Adopting all policies in Authority grants:
• Unlocks building Alhambra.
• Allows the purchasing of Free Companies, Foreign Legions, and Mercenaries as their prerequisite technologies are researched.
• Allows for the purchase of Great Generals with 🕊️ Faith starting in the Industrial Era.
Adopting Authority grants:
• +25% combat bonus VS Barbarians and receive announcements when Barbarian Camps spawn in revealed territory.
• Receive 25 🎵 Culture when you clear Barbarian Camps, scaling with Era.
• Receive ⚗️ Science and 🎵 Culture when you kill a Unit equal to 50% of its ⚔️ Strength.
• +1 🔨 Production in every City.
Each Authority policy unlocked grants:
• Receive ⚗️ Science and 🎵 Culture when you kill a Unit equal to 10% of its ⚔️ Strength.
Adopting all policies in Authority grants:
• Unlocks building Alhambra.
• Allows the purchasing of Free Companies, Foreign Legions, and Mercenaries as their prerequisite technologies are researched.
• Allows for the purchase of Great Generals with 🕊️ Faith starting in the Industrial Era.
Historical Info:
The word authority (Derived from the Latin word auctoritas) can be used to mean power given by the state (in the form of government, judges, police officers, etc.) or by academic knowledge of an area (someone can be an authority on a subject).
Dominance
Game Info:
Dominance
• All Melee Units gain the Endurance Promotion (Heal 15 HP after defeating an Enemy Unit).
• +1 🔨 Production in every City for every 10 Military Units in Empire.
• +5 Military Supply.
• All Melee Units gain the Endurance Promotion (Heal 15 HP after defeating an Enemy Unit).
• +1 🔨 Production in every City for every 10 Military Units in Empire.
• +5 Military Supply.
Historical Info:
Power - or dominance - is the ability to influence behavior, and may not be fully assessable until it is challenged with equal force. Unlike power, which can be latent, dominance is a manifest condition characterized by individual, situational and relationship patterns in which attempts to control another party or parties may or may not be accepted.
Honor
Game Info:
Honor
• All Military Units gain the Conscription Promotion (+10% ⚔️ Combat Strength).
• Supply-free military Units spawn near Cities that reach (or have already reached) a multiple of 10 Citizens for the first time.
• -25% War Weariness.
• All Military Units gain the Conscription Promotion (+10% ⚔️ Combat Strength).
• Supply-free military Units spawn near Cities that reach (or have already reached) a multiple of 10 Citizens for the first time.
• -25% War Weariness.
Historical Info:
In an "honorable" society, the citizens' status is based upon the society's judgment of their personal qualities. Qualities that are usually considered honorable include fealty, honesty, integrity, and courage. In many such societies men are expected to "defend their honor" to the death, as any loss of honor is considered far worse than loss of life.
Imperium
Game Info:
Imperium
• Cities gain 20 🔨 Production and 💰 Gold when their borders expand, scaling with Era (40 if all Authority policies are adopted).
• Receive 40 ⚗️ Science and 🎵 Culture when you found or conquer Cities, scaling with Era. Conquest bonus also scales based on City population.
• Cities gain 20 🔨 Production and 💰 Gold when their borders expand, scaling with Era (40 if all Authority policies are adopted).
• Receive 40 ⚗️ Science and 🎵 Culture when you found or conquer Cities, scaling with Era. Conquest bonus also scales based on City population.
Historical Info:
Imperium is a Latin word which, in a broad sense, translates roughly as 'power to command.' In ancient Rome, different kinds of power or authority were distinguished by different terms. Imperium referred to the sovereignty of the state over the individual.
Militarism
Game Info:
Militarism
• +1 😊 Happiness and +2 🎵 Culture in Cities with at least 10 ⚔️ Strength.
• -15% 💰 Unit Maintenance.
• -50% 💰 Route Maintenance.
• +1 😊 Happiness and +2 🎵 Culture in Cities with at least 10 ⚔️ Strength.
• -15% 💰 Unit Maintenance.
• -50% 💰 Route Maintenance.
Historical Info:
Militarism is defined as "the belief or desire of a government or people that the nation maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively." Militarism has been a significant element of policy in most imperialistic or expansionist nations throughout history, from Ancient Assyria and Sparta to Nazi Germany. This philosophy has many components that include: glorification of the military and of the ideals of a professional military class, idealizing personal military accomplishments, and government policies that devote a significant portion of the nation's resources to supporting and expanding its military forces.
Tribute
Game Info:
Tribute
• A Settler appears near the 🏛️ Capital.
• Gain 🎵 Culture in 🏛️ Capital equal to 25% of the Gold Tribute demanded from City-States (50% if all Authority policies are adopted).
• A Settler appears near the 🏛️ Capital.
• Gain 🎵 Culture in 🏛️ Capital equal to 25% of the Gold Tribute demanded from City-States (50% if all Authority policies are adopted).
Historical Info:
A tribute is wealth, often in kind, that one party gives to another as a sign of respect or, as was often the case in historical contexts, of submission or allegiance. Various ancient states exacted tribute from the rulers of land which the state conquered or otherwise threatened to conquer.
Fealty
Game Info:
Fealty enhances your ability to defend and leverage your Majority Religion.
Adopting Fealty grants:
• Can purchase Monasteries with 🕊️ Faith (+3 🌾 Food, +3 ⚗️ Science, +2 🕊️ Faith).
• -25% 🕊️ Faith costs for purchasing Buildings, Missionaries, and Inquisitors.
Each Fealty policy unlocked grants:
• +1 🕊️ Faith and ⚔️ Strength in every City.
Adopting all Policies in Fealty grants:
• Unlocks building the Red Fort.
• Your 🗿 Tourism modifier for Shared Religion is 50% stronger.
• Cities that follow your Majority Religion generate +3 🔨 Production, 💰 Gold, ⚗️ Science, and 🎵 Culture.
• Allows for the purchase of Great Artists with 🕊️ Faith starting in the Industrial Era.
Adopting Fealty grants:
• Can purchase Monasteries with 🕊️ Faith (+3 🌾 Food, +3 ⚗️ Science, +2 🕊️ Faith).
• -25% 🕊️ Faith costs for purchasing Buildings, Missionaries, and Inquisitors.
Each Fealty policy unlocked grants:
• +1 🕊️ Faith and ⚔️ Strength in every City.
Adopting all Policies in Fealty grants:
• Unlocks building the Red Fort.
• Your 🗿 Tourism modifier for Shared Religion is 50% stronger.
• Cities that follow your Majority Religion generate +3 🔨 Production, 💰 Gold, ⚗️ Science, and 🎵 Culture.
• Allows for the purchase of Great Artists with 🕊️ Faith starting in the Industrial Era.
Historical Info:
Piety means the devotion to a specific religion or spiritual belief system. A "pious" person is generally considered to be (literally) "holier than thou," closely following his or her religion's practices and accepting most or all of its tenets without question.
Divine Right
Game Info:
Divine Right
• +33% Yields from Internal Trade Routes.
• Completing an Internal Trade Route triggers a Historic Event as if completing an International Trade Route.
• -1 Unhappiness from 🎵 Boredom in all Cities.
• +33% Yields from Internal Trade Routes.
• Completing an Internal Trade Route triggers a Historic Event as if completing an International Trade Route.
• -1 Unhappiness from 🎵 Boredom in all Cities.
Historical Info:
The divine right of kings, or divine-right theory of kingship, is a political and religious doctrine of royal and political legitimacy. It asserts that a monarch is subject to no earthly authority, deriving the right to rule directly from the will of God. The king is thus not subject to the will of his people, the aristocracy, or any other estate of the realm, including (in the view of some, especially in Protestant countries) the Church. According to this doctrine, only God can judge an unjust king. The doctrine implies that any attempt to depose the king or to restrict his powers runs contrary to the will of God and may constitute a sacrilegious act. It is often expressed in the phrase "by the Grace of God," attached to the titles of a reigning monarch.
Fiefdoms
Game Info:
Fiefdoms
• +1 😊 Happiness for every 10 Military Units in Empire.
• +15% 🔨 Production and +100% Border Growth during "We Love the King Day."
• +1 😊 Happiness for every 10 Military Units in Empire.
• +15% 🔨 Production and +100% Border Growth during "We Love the King Day."
Historical Info:
A fief is a heritable right to property or income source granted by a king to a lesser noble in return for vows of fealty. A fief usually took the form of revenue-producing lands which the noble could levy taxes from, in which case the estate was called a Fiefdom, but it could also take other forms, such as a trade monopoly or resource rights, like mining. These fiefs were central to the Medieval feudal system, and allowed kings to bind knights to their service without the need for the large bureaucracies and costs of a standing army; it was up to knights to sustain their own livelihoods once they had been given the means to do so.
Nobility
Game Info:
Nobility
• +1 😊 Happiness and +2 💰 Gold from Castles.
• +2 💰 Gold from Armories.
• +100% 🔨 Production towards Castles and Armories.
• +1 😊 Happiness and +2 💰 Gold from Castles.
• +2 💰 Gold from Armories.
• +100% 🔨 Production towards Castles and Armories.
Historical Info:
Nobility is a social class, normally ranked immediately under royalty, that possesses more acknowledged privileges and higher social status than most other classes in a society, membership thereof typically being hereditary. The privileges associated with nobility may constitute substantial advantages over or relative to non-nobles, or may be largely honorary (e.g., precedence), and vary from country to country and era to era. The Medieval chivalry motto noblesse oblige, which literally means 'nobility obligates', explains that privileges carry a life-long obligation of duty to uphold social responsibilities, be it of honorable behavior, customary service or leadership, that lives on by a familial or kinship bond.
Organized Religion
Game Info:
Organized Religion
• +25% Pressure from owned Cities following your Primary Religion.
• +1 Delegate in the World Congress for every 10 Cities following your Primary Religion.
• +2 🎵 Culture from Shrines and Temples.
• +25% Pressure from owned Cities following your Primary Religion.
• +1 Delegate in the World Congress for every 10 Cities following your Primary Religion.
• +2 🎵 Culture from Shrines and Temples.
Historical Info:
Organized religion is one in which a number of people follow the same religious practices and have the same beliefs. The religion may have priests who intercede with higher powers on behalf of the believers or who set/interpret the religion's rules. There may be a complicated hierarchy of priests and other religious leaders. The religion may have temples or other sanctums in which the people pray and worship. Generally the believers contribute money to support the religion, its priests and buildings.
Generally, organized religion is a force of stability within a culture. People who share a religion have something important in common, and although strangers are less likely to murder each other. It can also be quite divisive as well - historically many organized religions have seen other religions as threats or abominations, and more than one war has been fought over whose god is God.
Generally, organized religion is a force of stability within a culture. People who share a religion have something important in common, and although strangers are less likely to murder each other. It can also be quite divisive as well - historically many organized religions have seen other religions as threats or abominations, and more than one war has been fought over whose god is God.
Serfdom
Game Info:
Serfdom
• +1 🎵 Culture and 🕊️ Faith in Cities for every 4 non-Specialist Citizens.
• +2 🔨 Production and +1 💰 Gold from Pastures.
• +1 🎵 Culture and 🕊️ Faith in Cities for every 4 non-Specialist Citizens.
• +2 🔨 Production and +1 💰 Gold from Pastures.
Historical Info:
Serfdom is the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism. It was a condition of bondage, which developed primarily during the High Middle Ages in Europe and lasted in some countries until the mid-19th century. Serfs who occupied a plot of land were required to work for the lord of the manor who owned that land. In return they were entitled to protection, justice, and the right to cultivate certain fields within the manor to maintain their own subsistence. Serfs were often required not only to work on the lord's fields, but also in his mines and forests and to labor to maintain roads. The manor formed the basic unit of feudal society, and the lord of the manor and the villeins, and to a certain extent serfs, were bound legally: by taxation in the case of the former, and economically and socially in the latter.
Statecraft
Game Info:
Statecraft improves your ability to benefit from Trade Routes, City-States, 🕵️ Spies, and the World Congress.
Adopting Statecraft grants:
• +1 of every Yield in 🏛️ Capital for every 20 Citizens in your Empire.
• +1 💰 Gold in every City.
Each Statecraft policy unlocked grants:
• +1 💰 Gold in every City, and +10% Influence from Diplomatic Missions.
Adopting all policies in Statecraft grants:
• Unlocks building the Palace of Westminster.
• Every World Congress Session, gain 5 🎵 Culture, ⚗️ Science, and 💰 Gold for each Delegate you control, scaling with Era.
• World Wonders require 1 less unlocked Policy for every 3 City-State alliances you maintain.
• Allows for the purchase of Great Diplomats with 🕊️ Faith starting in the Industrial Era.
Adopting Statecraft grants:
• +1 of every Yield in 🏛️ Capital for every 20 Citizens in your Empire.
• +1 💰 Gold in every City.
Each Statecraft policy unlocked grants:
• +1 💰 Gold in every City, and +10% Influence from Diplomatic Missions.
Adopting all policies in Statecraft grants:
• Unlocks building the Palace of Westminster.
• Every World Congress Session, gain 5 🎵 Culture, ⚗️ Science, and 💰 Gold for each Delegate you control, scaling with Era.
• World Wonders require 1 less unlocked Policy for every 3 City-State alliances you maintain.
• Allows for the purchase of Great Diplomats with 🕊️ Faith starting in the Industrial Era.
Historical Info:
Statecraft is the domain of the wealthy and powerful, and is the capacity of a political entity to interact with other political entities. In many societies, statecraft is managed by a few individuals: the Royal Family, say, or the merchant princes. Today, statecraft is largely a democratic process, though some things remain the exclusive domain of those with enough influence.
Consulates
Game Info:
Consulates
• +1 Delegate in the World Congress for every 8 City-States originally in the World.
• Completing a Trade Route to a City-State triggers (or strengthens an existing) Historic Event.
• +1 Delegate in the World Congress for every 8 City-States originally in the World.
• Completing a Trade Route to a City-State triggers (or strengthens an existing) Historic Event.
Historical Info:
As relations between nations became more formal, consulates were established to assist and protect the interests of a country's citizens in the territory of another country, and to promote trade and friendship between the two countries. Whereas an ambassador is the singular personal representative from one ruler to another, there can be several consuls in a country, usually one in each major city.
The concept of providing service to a nation's citizens while abroad arose out of the ancient Greek practice of wealthy merchants acting as a "proxenos" in other Hellenic city-states to aid fellow merchants. Although the role of the consulate expanded in the late 1800s to include cultural and educational exchanges, its role as a nation's representation on the local level in a distant land remains unchanged.
The concept of providing service to a nation's citizens while abroad arose out of the ancient Greek practice of wealthy merchants acting as a "proxenos" in other Hellenic city-states to aid fellow merchants. Although the role of the consulate expanded in the late 1800s to include cultural and educational exchanges, its role as a nation's representation on the local level in a distant land remains unchanged.
Exchange Markets
Game Info:
Exchange Markets
• +1 Trade Route.
• +1 😊 Happiness for every active Trade Route.
• +15% 🗿 Tourism modifier for Trade Routes.
• Resources from City-States count towards Global Monopolies.
• +1 Trade Route.
• +1 😊 Happiness for every active Trade Route.
• +15% 🗿 Tourism modifier for Trade Routes.
• Resources from City-States count towards Global Monopolies.
Historical Info:
A commodity exchange market is a market that trades in primary economic sector rather than manufactured products. Soft commodities are agricultural products such as wheat, coffee, cocoa, fruit and sugar. Hard commodities are mined, such as gold and oil. Investors access about 50 major commodity markets worldwide with purely financial transactions increasingly outnumbering physical trades in which goods are delivered. Futures contracts are the oldest way of investing in commodities. Futures are secured by physical assets. Commodity markets can include physical trading and derivatives trading using spot prices, forwards, futures, and options on futures. Farmers have used a simple form of derivative trading in the commodity market for centuries for price risk management.
Foreign Service
Game Info:
Foreign Service
• Receive 100 Spy Points.
• Earn Great Diplomats 50% faster.
• +50% Rewards from City-State Quests.
• +1 of every Strategic Resource for every three City-State Alliances you maintain.
• Receive 100 Spy Points.
• Earn Great Diplomats 50% faster.
• +50% Rewards from City-State Quests.
• +1 of every Strategic Resource for every three City-State Alliances you maintain.
Historical Info:
Diplomatic (or foreign) service is the body of diplomats and foreign policy officers maintained by the government of a country to communicate with the governments of other countries. Diplomatic personnel enjoy diplomatic immunity when they are accredited to other countries. Diplomatic services are often part of the larger civil service and sometimes a constituent part of the foreign ministry.
Shadow Networks
Game Info:
Shadow Networks
• Receive 25% of ⚗️ Science generated by Allied City-States.
• +3% 🎵 Culture in 🏛️ Capital for every 100 Spy Points ever accumulated (up to 30%).
• +3 ⚗️ Science from Constabularies and Police Stations.
• +1 ⚗️ Science from Specialists.
• Receive 25% of ⚗️ Science generated by Allied City-States.
• +3% 🎵 Culture in 🏛️ Capital for every 100 Spy Points ever accumulated (up to 30%).
• +3 ⚗️ Science from Constabularies and Police Stations.
• +1 ⚗️ Science from Specialists.
Historical Info:
A primary purpose of intelligence organizations is to penetrate a target with a human agent, or a network of human agents. Such agents can either infiltrate the target, or be recruited 'in place'. Case officers are professionally trained employees of intelligence organizations that manage human agents and human agent networks. Intelligence that derives from such human sources is known as HUMINT. Sometimes, agent handling is done indirectly, through 'principal agents' that serve as proxies for case officers. It is not uncommon, for example, for a case officer to manage a number of principal agents, who in turn handle agent networks, which are preferably organized in a cellular fashion. In such a case, the principal agent can serve as a 'cut-out' for the case officer, buffering him or her from direct contact with the agent network.
Trade Confederacy
Game Info:
Trade Confederacy
• +25% Yields for International Trade Routes.
• Trade Routes to City-States generate +1 Influence per turn (with the target City-State) per each owned City-State Trade Route (up to +5).
• +25% Yields for International Trade Routes.
• Trade Routes to City-States generate +1 Influence per turn (with the target City-State) per each owned City-State Trade Route (up to +5).
Historical Info:
A trade confederacy, also known as an industry trade group, business association, sector association or industry body, is an organization founded and funded by businesses that operate in a specific industry. An industry trade association participates in public relations activities such as advertising, education, political donations, lobbying and publishing, but its focus is collaboration between companies. Associations may offer other services, such as producing conferences, networking or charitable events or offering classes or educational materials. Many associations are non-profit organizations governed by bylaws and directed by officers who are also members.
Artistry
Game Info:
Artistry allows you to maximize the potential of Great Works and 🌟 Golden Ages.
Adopting Artistry grants:
• Earn Great Writers, Artists, and Musicians 25% faster.
• +10% 🎵 Culture during 🌟 Golden Ages.
• +100% 🔨 Production towards all Guilds.
Each Artistry policy unlocked grants:
• +1 ⚗️ Science in every City.
• 20% of Excess 😊 Happiness produced in each City is added as progress toward a 🌟 Golden Age.
Adopting all policies in Artistry grants:
• Unlocks building the Louvre.
• Completing an Archaeological Dig or starting a 🌟 Golden Age triggers (or strengthens an existing) Historic Event.
• Allows you to see Hidden Antiquity Sites.
• +3 ⚗️ Science from Landmarks.
• Allows for the purchase of Great Musicians with 🕊️ Faith starting in the Industrial Era.
Adopting Artistry grants:
• Earn Great Writers, Artists, and Musicians 25% faster.
• +10% 🎵 Culture during 🌟 Golden Ages.
• +100% 🔨 Production towards all Guilds.
Each Artistry policy unlocked grants:
• +1 ⚗️ Science in every City.
• 20% of Excess 😊 Happiness produced in each City is added as progress toward a 🌟 Golden Age.
Adopting all policies in Artistry grants:
• Unlocks building the Louvre.
• Completing an Archaeological Dig or starting a 🌟 Golden Age triggers (or strengthens an existing) Historic Event.
• Allows you to see Hidden Antiquity Sites.
• +3 ⚗️ Science from Landmarks.
• Allows for the purchase of Great Musicians with 🕊️ Faith starting in the Industrial Era.
Historical Info:
Aesthetics is the philosophy of the nature of art and taste, concerned with the creation and appreciation of material beauty. It should be noted that aesthetics does not encompass the functionality or utility of a thing, focusing only on its beauty of form, color, contrast and other artistic aspects.
Cultural Exchange
Game Info:
Cultural Exchange
• +1 😊 Happiness for every 3 Great Works in a City.
• +2 🔨 Production and 🎵 Culture from Amphitheaters, Galleries, and Opera Houses.
• +10% 🗿 Tourism modifier for Open Borders with other Civilizations.
• +1 😊 Happiness for every 3 Great Works in a City.
• +2 🔨 Production and 🎵 Culture from Amphitheaters, Galleries, and Opera Houses.
• +10% 🗿 Tourism modifier for Open Borders with other Civilizations.
Historical Info:
Although there were unofficial cultural exchanges – the visiting of students, artists, athletes and others on a quid-pro-quo basis between nations – as early as the beginning of the Industrial Age, such programs became formalized by opposing governments during the Cold War, when the USA and USSR sought to simultaneously display the superiority of their respective cultures worldwide and enhance mutual understanding of their respective value systems. These formal programs eased the restrictions on travel and performance by select groups in "enemy territory," a process that several historians have declared to be a "cultural Trojan Horse" because such programs eventually "eroded" Soviet rule.
Heritage
Game Info:
Heritage
• +4 💰 Gold from Great Works of Music.
• +50% to all 🗿/🎵 Theming Bonuses on Empire
• 25% of the 🎵 Culture from World Wonders and Tiles is added to the 🗿 Tourism output of the city.
• +4 💰 Gold from Great Works of Music.
• +50% to all 🗿/🎵 Theming Bonuses on Empire
• 25% of the 🎵 Culture from World Wonders and Tiles is added to the 🗿 Tourism output of the city.
Historical Info:
Cultural heritage is the legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations. Cultural heritage includes tangible culture (such as buildings, monuments, landscapes, books, works of art, and artifacts), intangible culture (such as folklore, traditions, language, and knowledge), and natural heritage (including culturally significant landscapes, and biodiversity).
Humanism
Game Info:
Humanism
• +3 🕊️ Faith from Great Works of Writing.
• -25% 🌟 Golden Age Points needed to trigger a 🌟 Golden Age.
• +1 😊 Happiness from all Guilds.
• +3 🕊️ Faith from Great Works of Writing.
• -25% 🌟 Golden Age Points needed to trigger a 🌟 Golden Age.
• +1 😊 Happiness from all Guilds.
Historical Info:
Humanism is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence (rationalism, empiricism) over established doctrine or faith (fideism). The meaning of the term humanism has fluctuated, according to the successive intellectual movements which have identified with it. Generally, however, humanism refers to a perspective that affirms some notion of a "human nature" (sometimes contrasted with antihumanism).
National Treasure
Game Info:
National Treasure
• +2 ⚗️ Science from Artifacts.
• A ⭐ Great Person of your choice appears near your 🏛️ Capital.
• Gain 250 💰 Gold when you construct World Wonders, scaling with Era.
• +2 ⚗️ Science from Artifacts.
• A ⭐ Great Person of your choice appears near your 🏛️ Capital.
• Gain 250 💰 Gold when you construct World Wonders, scaling with Era.
Historical Info:
The idea of national treasure, like national epics and national anthems, is part of the language of Romantic nationalism, which arose in the late 18th century and 19th centuries. Nationalism is an ideology which supports the nation as the fundamental unit of human social life, which includes shared language, values and culture. Thus national treasure, part of the ideology of nationalism, is shared culture.
Refinement
Game Info:
Refinement
• +2 🎵 Culture from Great Works of Art.
• 1 Specialist in all cities does not produce Unhappiness from Urbanization.
• +1 🎵 Culture from Specialists.
• +2 🎵 Culture from Great Works of Art.
• 1 Specialist in all cities does not produce Unhappiness from Urbanization.
• +1 🎵 Culture from Specialists.
Historical Info:
Sophistication is the quality of refinement - displaying good taste, wisdom and subtlety rather than crudeness, stupidity and vulgarity. In the perception of social class, sophistication can link with concepts such as status, privilege and superiority.
Industry
Game Info:
Industry provides bonuses to empires focused on 💰 Gold and 🔨 Production.
Adopting Industry grants:
• +2 Trade Routes.
• -5% Gold needed for purchases.
Each Industry policy unlocked grants:
• -5% Gold needed for purchases.
Adopting all Policies in Industry grants:
• Unlocks building Broadway.
• +3 😊 Happiness per unique owned Luxury Resource.
• +2 🔨 Production and 💰 Gold from Specialists.
• Allows for the purchase of Great Merchants with 🕊️ Faith starting in the Industrial Era.
Adopting Industry grants:
• +2 Trade Routes.
• -5% Gold needed for purchases.
Each Industry policy unlocked grants:
• -5% Gold needed for purchases.
Adopting all Policies in Industry grants:
• Unlocks building Broadway.
• +3 😊 Happiness per unique owned Luxury Resource.
• +2 🔨 Production and 💰 Gold from Specialists.
• Allows for the purchase of Great Merchants with 🕊️ Faith starting in the Industrial Era.
Historical Info:
Industry is the production of a good or service within an economy. Manufacturing industry became a key sector of production and labour in European and North American countries during the Industrial Revolution, upsetting previous mercantile and feudal economies. This occurred through many successive rapid advances in technology, such as the production of steel and coal. Following the Industrial Revolution, perhaps a third of world economic output is derived from manufacturing industries. Many developed countries and many developing/semi-developed countries (China, India etc.) depend significantly on manufacturing industry. Industries, the countries they reside in, and the economies of those countries are interlinked in a complex web of interdependence.
Division of Labor
Game Info:
Division of Labor
• +3% 🔨 Production and 💰 Gold from Forges, Windmills, Workshops, Factories, and Coaling Stations.
• +100% 🔨 Production towards Coaling Stations.
• +3% 🔨 Production and 💰 Gold from Forges, Windmills, Workshops, Factories, and Coaling Stations.
• +100% 🔨 Production towards Coaling Stations.
Historical Info:
The division of labor is the specialization of cooperating individuals who perform specific tasks and roles. Because of the large amount of labor saved by giving workers specialized tasks in Industrial Revolution-era factories, some classical economists as well as some mechanical engineers such as Charles Babbage were proponents of division of labor. Also, having workers perform single or limited tasks eliminated the long training period required to train craftsmen, who were replaced with lesser paid but more productive unskilled workers. Historically, an increasingly complex division of labor is associated with the growth of total output and trade, the rise of capitalism, and of the complexity of industrialised processes.
Entrepreneurship
Game Info:
Entrepreneurship
• +1 😊 Happiness from Workshops.
• +2 🔨 Production and +1 💰 Gold from every Mine, Quarry, and Lumber Mill.
• +25% Yields when you expend Great Merchants or Great Engineers for their Instant Yield abilities.
• +1 😊 Happiness from Workshops.
• +2 🔨 Production and +1 💰 Gold from every Mine, Quarry, and Lumber Mill.
• +25% Yields when you expend Great Merchants or Great Engineers for their Instant Yield abilities.
Historical Info:
Entrepreneurship, from the French term "to undertake," refers to the capability and willingness by an individual to develop, organize and manage a commercial venture in the hopes of making a profit. In history, entrepreneurship has taken many forms, from the great explorer-merchants of Renaissance Italy to the government-chartered companies of the Age of Discovery to the robber barons of the Industrial Age; regardless of the form, the willingness to risk their own funds to generate greater wealth has driven the evolution of civilization as surely as any other factor.
Free Trade
Game Info:
Free Trade
• Earn Great Merchants 50% faster.
• +5 💰 Gold from International Trade Routes.
• -2 Unhappiness from 💰 Poverty in all Cities.
• Earn Great Merchants 50% faster.
• +5 💰 Gold from International Trade Routes.
• -2 Unhappiness from 💰 Poverty in all Cities.
Historical Info:
Free trade is a policy followed by some international markets in which governments do not restrict imports from or exports to other countries. Free trade is exemplified by the European Economic Area and the North American Free Trade Agreement, which have established open markets. Most nations are today members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) multilateral trade agreements. However, most governments still impose some protectionist policies that are intended to support local employment, such as applying tariffs to imports or subsidies to exports. Governments may also restrict free trade to limit exports of natural resources. Other barriers that may hinder trade include import quotas, taxes, and non-tariff barriers, such as regulatory legislation.
Mercantilism
Game Info:
Mercantilism
• +3% ⚗️ Science and 🎵 Culture from Markets, Caravansaries, Customs Houses, Banks, and Stock Exchanges.
• Cities earn +10 ⚗️ Science when they construct Buildings, scaling with Era.
• +3% ⚗️ Science and 🎵 Culture from Markets, Caravansaries, Customs Houses, Banks, and Stock Exchanges.
• Cities earn +10 ⚗️ Science when they construct Buildings, scaling with Era.
Historical Info:
Mercantilism is a form of economic nationalism that encourages a nation to engage in policies of "protectionism" to promote its own exports and to limit imports from other nations. As a nation's "balance of trade" increases, the nation gains in wealth and prosperity, and if it dips below zero (the nation imports more stuff than it exports), the nation and its people grow poorer and more vulnerable to external threats. The theory was popular in Western Europe from the 16th to the 18th centuries. Today most western nations seek to open their borders to trade, albeit often with some level of taxation or quotas to protect their most important national industries.
Protectionism
Game Info:
Protectionism
• Gold investments in Buildings reduce their 🔨 Production cost by an additional 10%.
• +33% Yields from Internal Trade Routes.
• +10% 🌾 Food and ⚗️ Science during "We Love the King Day."
• Gold investments in Buildings reduce their 🔨 Production cost by an additional 10%.
• +33% Yields from Internal Trade Routes.
• +10% 🌾 Food and ⚗️ Science during "We Love the King Day."
Historical Info:
Protectionism is the policy of restraining trade between nations through quotas, taxes and other methods. It is employed by countries who seek to slow or stop foreign goods and services from entering national markets and thereby "protecting" the local industries. Protectionism is also used by rulers who wish to limit their citizens' contact with foreign people and goods, either because they think that foreign things are evil, or because they don't want their citizens to know how badly off they are compared with people elsewhere in the world. North Korea is an example of a grotesquely protectionist state, its leaders limiting contact with the outside world to keep the North Koreans unaware of their own backwardness.
Imperialism
Game Info:
Imperialism enhances your ability to spread your empire through military power, particularly naval (and later air) supremacy.
Adopting Imperialism grants:
• +1 👣 Movement for Naval Units, Embarked Units, and Great Generals, as well as +1 Sight for Melee, Recon, Naval Melee and Gunpowder Units.
• +10% 🔨 Production toward Military Units, -10% 💰 Gold required for upgrades.
Each Imperialism policy unlocked grants:
• +5% 🔨 Production for Military Units, -5% 💰 Gold required for upgrades.
Adopting all policies in Imperialism grants:
• Unlocks building the Pentagon.
• All Naval and Air units gain the Banzai! Promotion (become stronger as they take damage).
• Allows for the purchase of Great Admirals with 🕊️ Faith starting in the Industrial Era.
Adopting Imperialism grants:
• +1 👣 Movement for Naval Units, Embarked Units, and Great Generals, as well as +1 Sight for Melee, Recon, Naval Melee and Gunpowder Units.
• +10% 🔨 Production toward Military Units, -10% 💰 Gold required for upgrades.
Each Imperialism policy unlocked grants:
• +5% 🔨 Production for Military Units, -5% 💰 Gold required for upgrades.
Adopting all policies in Imperialism grants:
• Unlocks building the Pentagon.
• All Naval and Air units gain the Banzai! Promotion (become stronger as they take damage).
• Allows for the purchase of Great Admirals with 🕊️ Faith starting in the Industrial Era.
Historical Info:
Since man first settled in one place, there have always been those among them who have been driven to see what lies over the horizon. Whether motivated by profit, adventure, religion, necessity or just curiosity, explorers have widened our knowledge of the world and its wonders. In the process of exploring, they have also linked diverse and distant cultures, for good or ill. Great explorers from the Carthaginian Hanno to the Chinese admiral Wang Dayuan to the Englishman Sir Richard Burton and thousands of others have driven the expansion of civilizations and shaped history.
Civilizing Mission
Game Info:
Civilizing Mission
• Retain all buildings from conquered Cities.
• Receive 75 💰 Gold when you conquer a city, scaling with Era and City Population.
• +10% 🔨 Production toward Buildings, with an additional +10% 🔨 Production per Era difference between your current Era and the building's Era in all 🎭 Puppeted Cities and Cities with a Courthouse.
• Retain all buildings from conquered Cities.
• Receive 75 💰 Gold when you conquer a city, scaling with Era and City Population.
• +10% 🔨 Production toward Buildings, with an additional +10% 🔨 Production per Era difference between your current Era and the building's Era in all 🎭 Puppeted Cities and Cities with a Courthouse.
Historical Info:
The mission civilisatrice (the French for "civilizing mission") is a rationale for intervention or colonization, proposing to contribute to the spread of civilization, mostly amounting to the Westernization of indigenous peoples. It was notably the underlying principle of French and Portuguese colonial rule in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was influential in the French colonies of Algeria, French West Africa, and Indochina, and in the Portuguese colonies of Angola, Guinea, Mozambique and Timor. The European colonial powers felt it was their duty to bring Western civilization to what they perceived as backward peoples. Rather than merely govern colonial peoples, the Europeans would attempt to Westernize them in accordance with a colonial ideology known as "assimilation".
Colonialism
Game Info:
Colonialism
• +2 ⚗️ Science and +1 🎵 Culture from Barracks, Armories, Military Academies, Forts, and Citadels.
• Each unique Global Monopoly modifier is increased by an additional 10% if it's percentage-based, or +3 otherwise.
• +2 ⚗️ Science and +1 🎵 Culture from Barracks, Armories, Military Academies, Forts, and Citadels.
• Each unique Global Monopoly modifier is increased by an additional 10% if it's percentage-based, or +3 otherwise.
Historical Info:
Colonialism is the establishment of a colony in one territory by a political power from another territory, and the subsequent maintenance, expansion, and exploitation of that colony. The term is also used to describe a set of unequal relationships between the colonial power and the colony and often between the colonists and the indigenous peoples.
Exploitation
Game Info:
Exploitation
• +2 🌾 Food and +1 🔨 Production from Farms, Camps, and Plantations.
• +1 🔨 Production and ⚗️ Science from Coasts, Lakes, and Oceans.
• +2 🌾 Food and +1 🔨 Production from Farms, Camps, and Plantations.
• +1 🔨 Production and ⚗️ Science from Coasts, Lakes, and Oceans.
Historical Info:
Exploitation is the use of someone or something in an unjust or cruel manner, or generally as a means to an end. Most often, the word exploitation is used to refer to economic exploitation; that is, the act of using another person as a means to profit, particularly using their labor without offering or providing them fair compensation.
Martial Law
Game Info:
Martial Law
• No 💰 Gold Maintenance from Garrisons.
• +1 😊 Happiness and +4 🎵 Culture for each Garrison.
• -20% Yield penalties of 🎭 Puppeted Cities.
• No 💰 Gold Maintenance from Garrisons.
• +1 😊 Happiness and +4 🎵 Culture for each Garrison.
• -20% Yield penalties of 🎭 Puppeted Cities.
Historical Info:
Martial law is the imposition of the highest-ranking military officer as the military governor or as the head of the government, thus removing all power from the previous executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. It is usually imposed temporarily when the government or civilian authorities fail to function effectively (e.g., maintain order and security, or provide essential services).
Regimental System
Game Info:
Regimental System
• Earn Great Generals and Great Admirals 33% faster.
• Great Generals and Great Admirals gain the Regimental Traditions Promotion (+10% Leadership Combat Bonus and +1 Tile Radius).
• +2 additional copies of the unique Luxury Resources from expending Great Admirals for their Voyage of Discovery ability.
• Military Units can be upgraded in territory owned by Vassals and friendly City-States.
• Earn Great Generals and Great Admirals 33% faster.
• Great Generals and Great Admirals gain the Regimental Traditions Promotion (+10% Leadership Combat Bonus and +1 Tile Radius).
• +2 additional copies of the unique Luxury Resources from expending Great Admirals for their Voyage of Discovery ability.
• Military Units can be upgraded in territory owned by Vassals and friendly City-States.
Historical Info:
In a regimental system, each regiment is responsible for recruiting, training, and administration; each regiment is permanently maintained and therefore the regiment will develop its unique esprit de corps because of its unitary history, traditions, recruitment, and function. Usually, the regiment is responsible for recruiting and administering all of a soldier's military career. Depending upon the country, regiments can be either combat units or administrative units or both.
Rationalism
Game Info:
Rationalism focuses on maximizing 🌾 Growth and ⚗️ Science output.
Adopting Rationalism grants:
• +2 🔨 Production and +3 ⚗️ Science from all Strategic Resources.
• +5% ⚗️ Science in all Cities.
Each Rationalism policy unlocked grants:
• +2% ⚗️ Science.
Adopting all Policies in Rationalism grants:
• Unlocks building Bletchley Park.
• -1 Unhappiness from all Needs in all Cities.
• +12 City Security in every City.
• Allows for the purchase of Great Scientists with 🕊️ Faith starting in the Industrial Era.
Adopting Rationalism grants:
• +2 🔨 Production and +3 ⚗️ Science from all Strategic Resources.
• +5% ⚗️ Science in all Cities.
Each Rationalism policy unlocked grants:
• +2% ⚗️ Science.
Adopting all Policies in Rationalism grants:
• Unlocks building Bletchley Park.
• -1 Unhappiness from all Needs in all Cities.
• +12 City Security in every City.
• Allows for the purchase of Great Scientists with 🕊️ Faith starting in the Industrial Era.
Historical Info:
Rationalism is a worldview that looks to reason (rather than, say, faith) to explain the world. Rationalism believes that reason trumps all other ways of interpreting the world, including any data gathered by one's five senses. This philosophy can be traced back to the great Socrates of ancient Greece, and it enjoyed something of a resurgence during the 16th and 17th century in Europe, when it was explored by men like Descartes, Spinoza, and Kant.
Empiricism
Game Info:
Empiricism
• +1 🌾 Food for every Citizen and +25% 🌾 Growth in all Cities.
• +3% ⚗️ Science in a City for every Great Work present (up to 20%).
• +1 🌾 Food for every Citizen and +25% 🌾 Growth in all Cities.
• +3% ⚗️ Science in a City for every Great Work present (up to 20%).
Historical Info:
Empiricism is a theory which states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience. One of several views of epistemology, the study of human knowledge, along with rationalism and skepticism, empiricism emphasizes the role of experience and evidence, especially sensory experience, in the formation of ideas, over the notion of innate ideas or traditions; empiricists may argue however that traditions (or customs) arise due to relations of previous sense experiences.
Enlightenment
Game Info:
Enlightenment
• Receive 1 Free Technology.
• +1 😊 Happiness from Universities.
• Receive 1 Free Technology.
• +1 😊 Happiness from Universities.
Historical Info:
The Age of Enlightenment (or simply the Enlightenment or Age of Reason) is the time period in which cultural and social changes occurred emphasizing reason, analysis and individualism rather than traditional ways of thinking. Initiated by philosophes beginning in late 17th-century Western Europe the process of change fueled from voluntary organizations of men who were committed to the betterment of society. These men convened at coffeehouses, salons and masonic lodges. Institutions that were deeply rooted in society, such as religion and the government began to be questioned and a greater emphasis was placed on ways to reform society with toleration, science and skepticism.
Free Thought
Game Info:
Free Thought
• -5 Unhappiness from Religious Unrest in all Cities.
• +25% Instant Yields from Great Scientists.
• Earn Great Scientists +33% faster.
• -5 Unhappiness from Religious Unrest in all Cities.
• +25% Instant Yields from Great Scientists.
• Earn Great Scientists +33% faster.
Historical Info:
Free thought is the belief that knowledge should be gained through the application of science and reason, rather than from tradition or religious dogma. Theories should be tested scientifically and logically. If something can't be proven, it's foolish to believe in it. Blind faith is the arch enemy of free thinkers everywhere. Free thinking is an important part of Buddhist tradition. In the "Kalama Sutta," the Buddha states, "Do not accept anything by mere tradition... Do not accept anything because it accords with your scriptures... But when you know for yourselves - then do you live accordingly."
Rights of Man
Game Info:
Rights of Man
• -1 Unhappiness from all Needs in all Cities.
• +2 🔨 Production and 💰 Gold from Villages.
• +10% ⚗️ Science during 🌟 Golden Ages.
• -1 Unhappiness from all Needs in all Cities.
• +2 🔨 Production and 💰 Gold from Villages.
• +10% ⚗️ Science during 🌟 Golden Ages.
Historical Info:
The Declaration was drafted by General Lafayette, Thomas Jefferson, and Honoré Mirabeau. Influenced by the doctrine of 'natural right', the rights of man are held to be universal: valid at all times and in every place, pertaining to human nature itself. It became the basis for a nation of free individuals protected equally by the law. It is included in the beginning of the constitutions of both the Fourth French Republic (1946) and Fifth Republic (1958) and is still current. Inspired by the Enlightenment philosophers, the Declaration was a core statement of the values of the French Revolution and had a major impact on the development of freedom and democracy in Europe and worldwide.
Scientific Revolution
Game Info:
Scientific Revolution
• Can construct Observatories (+6 ⚗️ Science, +1 ⚗️ Science from nearby Mountains, 2 Scientist Slot).
• +2 ⚗️ Science from Jungle and Snow.
• Can construct Observatories (+6 ⚗️ Science, +1 ⚗️ Science from nearby Mountains, 2 Scientist Slot).
• +2 ⚗️ Science from Jungle and Snow.
Historical Info:
A scientific revolution is a period when rapid advances in human knowledge or technology overturns the current worldview, as a result triggering yet more advancements in thought and knowledge. Much of Europe underwent a scientific revolution in the 16th century, following the publication of Nicolaus Copernicus' work, "On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres" and Andreas Vesalius' "On the Fabric of the Human Body In Seven Books." Both used modern (for the period) scientific practices to examine parts of the world around them and overturned incorrect scientific theories, some dating back to the ancient Greeks. Following the success of these books, the floodgates were opened, and scientists began carefully examining everything around them, and human knowledge increased exponentially over the succeeding centuries.
[ENDCOLOR] Avant Garde](bnw_icons/SocialPolicies2048/POLICY_OPEN_SOCIETY.png){kind=icon}
(1) Avant Garde
Game Info:
Avant Garde: The rate at which ⭐ Great People are born is increased by 33%. -2 Unhappiness from 🎵 Boredom in all Cities.
Historical Info:
French for "vanguard," Avant Garde refers to works or ideas that are innovative or exceptionally creative, particularly with respect to art, music and politics. It is marked by pushing the boundaries of what are commonly accepted norms or the status quo, such as radical social reforms. Democratic societies tend to allow greater social expression, fostering such "cutting-edge" cultural advances.
[ENDCOLOR] Civil Society](bnw_icons/SocialPolicies2048/POLICY_CIVIL_SOCIETY.png){kind=icon}
(1) Civil Society
Game Info:
Civil Society: Specialists consume 2 🌾 Food less than normal (minimum 1 🌾 Food). Farms, Plantations, Camps, and all Unique Improvements produce +4 🌾 Food.
Historical Info:
In a civil society, the people freely and of their own volition work to better the world around them. They join civic organizations. They pick up the trash in front of their homes and places of business. They adopt stray pets. They attend school board meetings and vote in elections. Countries with active civil societies are generally cleaner, more efficient, and happier than those without.
[ENDCOLOR] Covert Action](bnw_icons/SocialPolicies2048/POLICY_COVERT_ACTION.png){kind=icon}
(1) Covert Action
Game Info:
Covert Action: Receive 100 Spy Points. When successfully rigging an election in a City-State, the Influence you gain and the Influence other Players lose are increased by +50%. Spies stationed in a foreign City gain +10 Network Points per turn.
Historical Info:
According to the U.S. Department of Defense, a covert action is "an operation that is so planned and executed as to conceal the identity of or permit plausible denial by the sponsor." It is intended to create a political, military, economic or diplomatic effect without repercussions, either from the target or the nation's own citizenry. Covert actions can take many forms, from assassinations to espionage to military operations, but all are marked by secrecy.
[ENDCOLOR] Creative Expression](bnw_icons/SocialPolicies2048/POLICY_CREATIVE_EXPRESSION.png){kind=icon}
(1) Creative Expression
Game Info:
Creative Expression: +2 🗿 Tourism from Great Works. Museums, Broadcast Towers, Opera Houses, and Amphitheaters gain +3 🌟 Golden Age Points and 🎵 Culture.
Historical Info:
In broadest terms, Creative Expression is merely the expressing of ideas or emotions through art. More narrowly, the term refers to the ability to create art free of government interference through censorship, taxation or other legal limits.
[ENDCOLOR] Draft Registration](bnw_icons/SocialPolicies2048/POLICY_VOLUNTEER_ARMY.png){kind=icon}
(1) Draft Registration
Game Info:
Draft Registration: Military Units purchased with 💰 Gold receive full XP.
Historical Info:
Conscription in the United States, commonly known as the draft, has been employed by the federal government of the United States in five conflicts: the American Revolution, the American Civil War, World War I, World War II, and the Cold War (including both the Korean War and the Vietnam War). The third incarnation of the draft came into being in 1940 through the Selective Training and Service Act. It was the country's first peacetime draft. From 1940 until 1973, during both peacetime and periods of conflict, men were drafted to fill vacancies in the United States Armed Forces that could not be filled through voluntary means. The draft came to an end when the United States Armed Forces moved to an all-volunteer military force. However, the Selective Service System remains in place as a contingency plan; all male civilians between the ages of 18 and 25 are required to register so that a draft can be readily resumed if needed. United States Federal Law also provides for the compulsory conscription of men between the ages of 17 and 45 and certain women for militia service pursuant to Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution and 10 U.S. Code § 246.
[ENDCOLOR] Economic Union](bnw_icons/SocialPolicies2048/POLICY_ECONOMIC_UNION.png){kind=icon}
(1) Economic Union
Game Info:
Economic Union: Receive two additional Trade Routes. +6 💰 Gold from trade routes with civilizations following Freedom.
Historical Info:
An Economic Union is a trade bloc composed of a common market and a customs union. Participating nations have common policies on production regulations, freedom of commerce across borders, tariffs and taxes, and a joint external trade policy; in some cases, the union may also have or promote a common currency. The most successful economic unions to date have been the European Union formed in 1993 and the Caribbean Community formed in 1973.
[ENDCOLOR] Universal Suffrage](bnw_icons/SocialPolicies2048/POLICY_UNIVERSAL_SUFFRAGE.png){kind=icon}
(1) Universal Suffrage
Game Info:
Universal Suffrage: A 🌟 Golden Age begins, and 🌟 Golden Ages last 50% longer. Cities produce +1 😊 Happiness.
Historical Info:
Many political struggles have been concerned with gaining the right to vote (as opposed to the opportunity, an important distinction) in public elections in a democracy. Where universal suffrage exists, the right to vote cannot be restricted by gender, race, belief, wealth and property ownership, or social status. In most western nations, full universal suffrage followed universal male suffrage by one or two decades; in 1893 AD, New Zealand was the first nation to achieve universal suffrage.
[ENDCOLOR] Arsenal of Democracy](bnw_icons/SocialPolicies2048/POLICY_ARSENAL_DEMOCRACY.png){kind=icon}
(2) Arsenal of Democracy
Game Info:
Arsenal of Democracy: +15% 🔨 Production towards Military Units. +10 Influence with all known City-States when you expend ⭐ Great People, and +40 Influence when you gift Units to City-States.
Historical Info:
"Arsenal of Democracy" was a phrase coined by President Franklin Roosevelt during a radio broadcast in December 1940 to describe America's role in the struggle against totalitarianism. The unofficial policy of the United States during World War II and the ensuing Cold War against Communism, the "Arsenal" refers to committing a nation's private industry to producing military materials for the nation and other nations with the goal of defeating a common enemy. The privately-owned manufacturers are compensated at market value, usually on a "cash-and-carry" basis.
[ENDCOLOR] Capitalism](bnw_icons/SocialPolicies2048/POLICY_CAPITALISM.png){kind=icon}
(2) Capitalism
Game Info:
Capitalism: 2 Specialists in each of your cities generate +1 😊 Happiness instead of -1 Unhappiness from Urbanization. Specialists generate +1 💰 Gold and ⚗️ Science.
Historical Info:
Capitalism is an economic system based on the private production and ownership of goods, driven by the production of goods and services for profit. There are several types of capitalism, such as laissez-faire capitalism, welfare capitalism, and state capitalism. Most modern states have some form of mixed-capitalism, with varying degrees of government-controlled and market-driven entrepreneurship.
[ENDCOLOR] New Deal](bnw_icons/SocialPolicies2048/POLICY_NEW_DEAL.png){kind=icon}
(2) New Deal
Game Info:
New Deal: Landmarks and Great Person improvements produce +6 of their base yield types (🔨 Manufactory/Citadel, 💰 Town, ⚗️ Academy, 🎵 Embassy, 🕊️ Holy Site, 🗿 Landmark), and +2 🗿 Tourism
Historical Info:
The New Deal was a series of economic programs enacted, either by executive order or by law, by the United States government between 1933 and 1936 to counter the effects of the Great Depression. Rather than nationalize banks and key industries as some leaders did, President Franklin Roosevelt hoped to offer relief to those destitute, to bring about economic recovery through federally funded construction and work programs, and to bring about financial reforms. History has judged the New Deal largely successful, and other countries have undertaken a similar approach in recent economic crises.
[ENDCOLOR] Self Determination](bnw_icons/SocialPolicies2048/POLICY_URBANIZATION.png){kind=icon}
(2) Self Determination
Game Info:
Self Determination: Liberating a city (including removing another civ's Sphere of Influence on a City-State through conquest) gives 15 XP to all units, 50 Influence with all City-States, and 40 ⚗️ Science, scaling with Era and City Population. The liberated city gains an Arsenal and 6 units.
Historical Info:
Self Determination is the idea that every group of people has the right to choose, or determine, how they are ruled. While the idea had already spread, one of the first major declarations of it was the Fourteen Points by US President Woodrow Wilson, which among other things, attempted to establish this principle in post World War I Europe. After World War II the Allies made similar pledges, and the UN holds this as a policy to this day. Self Determination is a simple idea, but it has had great impacts on many things, most importantly Independence. Though, it can be more complex as what exactly the people determine is not necessarily Independence, and many paths are open. Additionally, what group counts as a single people can further complicate the matter.
[ENDCOLOR] Their Finest Hour](bnw_icons/SocialPolicies2048/POLICY_THEIR_FINEST_HOUR.png){kind=icon}
(2) Their Finest Hour
Game Info:
Their Finest Hour: All cities get +2 Air Unit Slots. Each Air Unit stationed in a city increases the City's ⚔️ Defense by 3. Can build B17 Bombers.
Historical Info:
In June 1940, following the defeat of France by Germany, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill gave a speech to Parliament in which he used this phrase to refer to the continued resistance to totalitarianism by Britain and the Commonwealth. The iconic phrase has since come to mean any instance where a democratic nation pledges its full resources to victory at all costs, even if it means fighting alone against near overwhelming odds. Occasionally quoted during the Cold War, it also carries the connotation that the foe is implacably opposed to notions of freedom and liberty.
[ENDCOLOR] Transnationalism](bnw_icons/SocialPolicies2048/POLICY_GLOBALIZATION.png){kind=icon}
(2) Transnationalism
Game Info:
Transnationalism: Each turn, increases the chance that a Corporate Franchise will appear in a foreign City to 15% (normally 5%). Global Franchise maximum increased by 25%, and every owned Town you have built counts as a Franchise. +2 🎵 Culture from all Corporation Offices.
Historical Info:
Transnationalism as an economic process involves the global reorganization of the production process, in which various stages of the production of any product can occur in various countries, typically with the aim of minimizing costs. Economic transnationalism, commonly known as Globalization, was spurred in the latter half of the 20th century by the development of the internet and wireless communication, as well as the reduction in global transportation costs caused by containerization. Multinational corporations could be seen as a form of transnationalism, in that they seek to minimize costs, and hence maximize profits, by organizing their operations in the most efficient means possible irrespective of political boundaries.
[ENDCOLOR] Universal Healthcare](bnw_icons/SocialPolicies2048/POLICY_UNIVERSAL_HEALTHCARE_F.png){kind=icon}
(2) Universal Healthcare
Game Info:
Universal Healthcare: Receive a free Hospital in every City. +50 🎵 when a Citizen is born in any City, scaling with Era.
Historical Info:
Universal Health Care, sometimes referred to as "social health," is a government-funded system intended to provide equal access to health services and improved health outcomes for all citizens through a specific package of benefits. In 1912 AD, Norway was the first country to create a near-universal health care system; according to the World Health Organization, 32 nations offered some form of universal health care in 2010.
[ENDCOLOR] Containment](bnw_icons/SocialPolicies2048/POLICY_TREATY_ORGANIZATION.png){kind=icon}
(3) Containment
Game Info:
Containment: Trade Routes to City-States generate +2 Influence per turn (with the target City-State) per owned City-State Trade Route (up to +10). +1 Delegate in the World Congress for every 2 City-States originally in the World.
Historical Info:
In the Cold War era, competing ideologies to liberalism were perceived similarly to diseases whose spread must be curtailed for the safety of global order. As a foreign policy doctrine, Containment was most adamantly adhered to by the United States in their attempts to prevent the spread of Communism, acting as the guiding principle behind the generous aid and clemency for post-war Europe and Japan, but also taking the form of violent coups and repression in Latin America. The approach taken was the one deemed most effective at limiting the capacity of Communism to project power and influence in the world.
[ENDCOLOR] Media Culture](bnw_icons/SocialPolicies2048/POLICY_MEDIA_CULTURE.png){kind=icon}
(3) Media Culture
Game Info:
Media Culture: +25% 🗿 Tourism and +1 😊 Happiness generated by cities with a Broadcast Tower. +20% 🎵 Culture from Stadiums.
Historical Info:
Media Culture refers to the current Western capitalistic society that emerged in the late 20th Century marked by heightened consumerism fostered by the mass media. Media culture, with its emphasis on advertising and public relations, has been considered by critics to be a system centered on the manipulation of the masses, notably in regard to representation and reproduction of dominant ideologies. Scholars such as Theodor Adorno and Hannah Arendt have written extensively on the impact of media culture on both democracy and capitalism.
[ENDCOLOR] Space Procurements](bnw_icons/SocialPolicies2048/POLICY_SPACE_PROCUREMENTS.png){kind=icon}
(3) Space Procurements
Game Info:
Space Procurements: May invest in Spaceship parts with 💰 Gold. Build Spaceship Factories in half the usual time. +20% ⚗️ Science from Research Labs.
Historical Info:
Most space programs have a procurement office, similar to NASA's Stennis Space Center Procurement Site, charged with the purchase of certain materials and services that are not economically viable for the government to supply - such as small tools, fuels and chemicals, foodstuffs and toiletries for space flights, computer components and the like. The procurement office will enforce regulations on purchasing, inspect materials, evaluate services, and often has separate branches for awarding contracts to major corporations and another to small businesses. Being a government agency, procedures are in place for budgetary review and regulation in an effort to make the space program affordable.
[ENDCOLOR] Communism](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_SKYSCRAPERS.png){kind=icon}
(1) Communism
Game Info:
Communism: 💰 Gold cost of investing in buildings reduced by 25%. +20% 🔨 Production when building Wonders.
Historical Info:
Communism is a socioeconomic system structured upon common ownership of the means of production and characterized by the absence of social classes, money,[3][4] and the state; as well as a social, political and economic ideology and movement that aims to establish this social order. The movement to develop communism, in its Marxist-Leninist interpretations, significantly influenced the history of the 20th century, which saw intense rivalry between the states which claimed to follow this ideology and their enemies.
[ENDCOLOR] Double Agents](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_DOUBLE_AGENTS.png){kind=icon}
(1) Double Agents
Game Info:
Double Agents: Receive 200 Spy Points. Gain 125 ⚗️ Science when you identify a foreign Spy, scaling with Era.
Historical Info:
Double Agents in counterintelligence espionage are employees or member of an enemy organization who have agreed to spy on it but in fact remain loyal and spy on their controllers. The use of Double Agents to penetrate enemy spy rings has a long history, but came to the fore during World War II and the Cold War. British MI5 proved particularly adept at "turning" enemy agents, while during the Cold War the Soviet Union infiltrated both the CIA and British intelligence operations successfully.
[ENDCOLOR] Hero of the People](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_HERO_OF_THE_PEOPLE.png){kind=icon}
(1) Hero of the People
Game Info:
Hero of the People: ⭐ Great Person rate increases by 25%. A ⭐ Great Person of your choice appears near your 🏛️ Capital.
Historical Info:
Although there are many interpretations possible for "Hero of the People," in the Soviet Union it was reserved for those awarded the "Hero of the Soviet Union," awarded for personal heroic feats in service to the Soviet state and society. Established in 1934, it was usually given for heroic military service (over 11,000 awarded during World War II alone); it has also been given to party officials, cosmonauts, researchers and the occasional foreigner for service to the state. By the 1970s, the "Hero of the People" was greatly devalued when it began to be given to bureaucrats and military officers on an anniversary of long-service rather than any specific act of heroism; nonetheless, the award served the political order by setting a goal for personal achievement within the Communist state.
[ENDCOLOR] Patriotic War](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_PATRIOTIC_WAR.png){kind=icon}
(1) Patriotic War
Game Info:
Patriotic War: Land Units gain +20% ⚔️ Strength when in or adjacent to a City. When you conquer a City for the first time, all Combat Units within 3 Tiles of the City are fully healed. Can build T-34s.
Historical Info:
Throughout history the term "Patriotic War" has designated those conflicts where, according to Communist doctrine, the proletariat has risen to defend itself against a foreign threat. More generally, it refers to a war to defend the homeland, or in this case, the "Motherland." First applied to the general resistance by the Russian peasantry to Napoleon's invasion in 1812 AD, it was more generally used to refer to the costly defense of Russia against Germany in the Second World War.
[ENDCOLOR] Peace, Land, Bread](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_UNIVERSAL_HEALTHCARE_O.png){kind=icon}
(1) Peace, Land, Bread
Game Info:
Peace, Land, Bread: -2 Unhappiness from 💰 Poverty and 🌾 Growth increased by 20% in all Cities. Building maintenance reduced by 20%.
Historical Info:
The phrase 'Peace, Land, Bread,' popularized by Lenin and others during the early days of the Soviet Revolution, highlighted their desire to focus on the needs of the impoverished Russian peasantry. The Bolshevik Initial Decrees of the 1910-20s were announced as soon as the Bolsheviks declared their success in the October Revolution (October 26, 1917). The decrees conformed to the popular Bolshevik slogan "Peace, Bread, and Land", taken up by the masses during the July Days (July 1917), an uprising of workers and military forces.
[ENDCOLOR] People's Army](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_SOCIALIST_REALISM.png){kind=icon}
(1) People's Army
Game Info:
People's Army: +100% 🔨 Production towards Military Academies, and receive 5 Free Military Academies in your Empire. Public Schools produce +5 🎵 Culture and +2 😊 Happiness.
Historical Info:
The People's Liberation Army (PLA) traces its origins to the August 1, 1927, Nanchang Uprising in which Kuomintang (Nationalists, also spelled 'Guomindang') troops led by Communist Party of China leaders Zhu De and Zhou Enlai (while engaged in the Northern Expedition) rebelled following the violent dissolution of the first Kuomintang-Communist Party of China united front earlier that year. The survivors of that and other abortive communist insurrections, including the Autumn Harvest Uprising led by Mao Zedong, fled to the Jinggang Mountains along the border of Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. Joining forces under the leadership of Mao and Zhu, this collection of communists, bandits, Kuomintang deserters, and impoverished peasants became the First Workers' and Peasants' Army, or Red Army - the military arm of the Chinese Communist Party.
[ENDCOLOR] Workers' Faculties](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_WORKERS_FACULTIES.png){kind=icon}
(1) Workers' Faculties
Game Info:
Worker Faculties: Factories increase City ⚗️ Science output by 10%. +100% 🔨 Production towards Factories, and receive 5 Free Factories in your Empire.
Historical Info:
The working class, according to Marxist theory, was to be the ruling class in Russia from its transition from socialism to full communism. As such, workers were to enjoy equal access to all the amenities of modern life, from housing to recreational facilities, in a communal society. The most visible of the Workers' Facilities were the communal apartment complexes, where two to seven migrant families from rural areas to the rapidly industrializing cities would occupy an apartment, with each family having a bedroom but all else - kitchen, living room, bathroom, telephone and television - shared among the residents.
[ENDCOLOR] Academy of Sciences](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_ACADEMY_SCIENCES.png){kind=icon}
(2) Academy of Sciences
Game Info:
Academy of Sciences: -2 Unhappiness from ⚗️ Illiteracy in all Cities, +100% 🔨 Production towards Research Labs, and receive 5 Free Research Labs in your Empire. Research Labs generate an additional +2 ⚗️ Science.
Historical Info:
An Academy of Sciences is a state-supported institution of learning or research society dedicated to the sciences and/or technology. The most famous, the Russian - later Soviet - Academy was founded in 1724 AD by Peter the Great in his efforts to modernize his empire. In 1917 the academy came under Soviet control, and was tasked with addressing questions of construction and social issues; beginning in 1928 the Soviet Politburo increasingly interfered in the teaching and research of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, hindering the scientific progress of the Soviet Union for decades.
[ENDCOLOR] Cultural Revolution](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_DICTATORSHIP_PROLETARIAT.png){kind=icon}
(2) Cultural Revolution
Game Info:
Cultural Revolution: +25% 🗿 Tourism to civilizations with less 😊 Happiness. +1 😊 Happiness from Factories.
Historical Info:
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was a social movement conducted from 1966 through 1976 in the People's Republic of China. Begun by Mao Zedong and the Communist Party, the Cultural Revolution sought to re-educate the common people by removing or repressing capitalist, traditional and religious elements, through arrests and violence if necessary. The cultural struggle spread through all levels of society, students, the military, the party and urban workers, delaying China's reemergence in world affairs for decades.
[ENDCOLOR] Dictatorship of the Proletariat](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_PARTY_LEADERSHIP.png){kind=icon}
(2) Dictatorship of the Proletariat
Game Info:
Dictatorship of the Proletariat: +7 🌾 Food, ⚗️ Science, 💰 Gold, and 🎵 Culture per city.
Historical Info:
In Marxist socio-political theory, the Dictatorship of the Proletariat refers to a social state where the working class has direct control of political power; "dictatorship" in this case does not refer to the common definition but rather that an entire social class holds control of the nation. Whether or not capitalists or others were disenfranchised in such a political order would depend, according to Marx and Engels, on specific circumstances at the time. Bringing about such a political order might, or might not, entail violence; but whatever the means, in the end the proletariat would supplant the bourgeoisie.
[ENDCOLOR] Five-Year Plan](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_FIVE_YEAR_PLAN.png){kind=icon}
(2) Five-Year Plan
Game Info:
Five-Year Plan: +20% 🔨 Production towards Buildings in all Cities. +3 🔨 Production for every Mine, Quarry, Lumber Mill, Oil Well, and Unique Improvement.
Historical Info:
The Five-Years Plans of Soviet Russia were a series of economic development guidelines devised by a state planning committee appointed by the Communist Party; the first was initiated in 1928 AD, and the last was in operation when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. Fulfilling the plan became the primary motivating factor for the Soviet bureaucracy that became unwieldy attempting to do so. However, the initial successes of the early plans motivated other communist nations, such as Mao's China, and even some capitalist states to adopt this method of promoting and coordinating economic development.
[ENDCOLOR] Great Leap Forward](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_YOUNG_PIONEERS.png){kind=icon}
(2) Great Leap Forward
Game Info:
Great Leap Forward: Receive a free Technology. Spies gain +100% ⚗️ Science. +1 ⚗️ Science in Cities for every 3 non-Specialist Citizens.
Historical Info:
The Great Leap Forward of China was an economic and social campaign by the Communist Party of China (CPC) from 1958 to 1961. The campaign was led by Mao Zedong and aimed to rapidly transform the country from an agrarian economy into a communist society through rapid industrialization and collectivization.
[ENDCOLOR] Nationalization](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_NATIONALIZATION.png){kind=icon}
(2) Nationalization
Game Info:
Nationalization: Each Corporate Office counts as a Franchise. Foreign Franchises no longer benefit your Corporation, you can no longer construct Franchises in foreign Cities (except Vassals), and foreign Corporations can no longer set up Franchises in your Cities (except Masters). +2 ⚗️ Science from all Corporation Offices.
Historical Info:
Nationalization is the process of taking a private industry or private assets into public ownership by a national government or state. Nationalization usually refers to private assets, but may also mean assets owned by lower levels of government, such as municipalities, being transferred to be the state. The opposite of nationalization is usually privatization or de-nationalization, but may also be municipalization. Industries that are usually subject to nationalization include transport, communications, energy, banking and natural resources.
[ENDCOLOR] Resettlement](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_RESETTLEMENT.png){kind=icon}
(2) Resettlement
Game Info:
Resettlement: New Cities have +3 Population. All Cities gain +2 Citizens immediately. No Partisans from razing enemy Cities.
Historical Info:
Forced resettlement, or "population transfer" in Soviet jargon, took several forms: deportations of "anti-Soviet" groups ("enemies of the people"), deportations of ethnic groups, labor force transfers, or forced migrations into "ethnically cleansed" regions. At their height during Stalin's rule, involuntary resettlement programs, usually into unpopulated areas of Asiatic Russia, involved those of Polish, Baltic, Finnish, Rumanian, Tatar, Kalmyk, Chechen and dozens of other peoples. Communist leaders believed it an efficient and relatively humane manner to bring order to such a vast and diverse land.
[ENDCOLOR] Iron Curtain](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_IRON_CURTAIN.png){kind=icon}
(3) Iron Curtain
Game Info:
Iron Curtain: Free Courthouse upon immediate City annexation. +200% 🌾 Food or 🔨 Production from Internal Trade Routes. 🔗 City connections generate +5 💰 Gold and 🔨 Production.
Historical Info:
The Iron Curtain was the symbolic, ideological and physical boundary that separated the decadent West from the "orderly" Soviet Union from the end of World War II to the end of the Cold War. The term itself was first used in a speech by Winston Churchill in March 1946 expressing British dismay at the continued occupation and repression of various East European countries. Although initially derided, Churchill's view that the Iron Curtain served only to keep people in and information out came to be accepted, and the use of the metaphor for the European Communist bloc became universal.
[ENDCOLOR] Socialist Realism](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_CULTURAL_REVOLUTION.png){kind=icon}
(3) Socialist Realism
Game Info:
Socialist Realism: Unlocks the Propaganda Process (converts 15% of 🔨 Production into 🗿 Tourism). +25% 🗿 Tourism to other Civilizations following Order. +4 🔨 Production from all Great Works.
Historical Info:
The Socialist Realism movement, a style of "realistic expression" that began in Soviet Russia and became dominant in communist countries around the world, promoted the triumph of socialism through art, photography, film and public monuments. Along with the Socialist Classical style of architecture, Socialist Realism was the only Party approved style of public art in the Soviet Union for sixty years. The dramatic and minimalist monuments that resulted were seen as powerful propaganda tools in promoting the dictatorship of the proletariat and the physical display of communist beliefs.
[ENDCOLOR] Spaceflight Pioneers](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_SPACEFLIGHT_PIONEERS.png){kind=icon}
(3) Spaceflight Pioneers
Game Info:
Spaceflight Pioneers: Gain a free Great Engineer and Great Scientist. May finish Spaceship parts with Great Engineers, and expending a ⭐ Great Person grants 100 ⚗️ Science, scaling with Era. Hurrying 🔨 Production with Great Engineers 50% more effective.
Historical Info:
The Soviet Union dedicated significant resources to its space program, viewing it as a race against the United States and a chance to prove to the world its scientific and technologic superiority. A number of courageous "cosmonauts" were the first human beings to reach space and orbit the Earth in small capsules. In April 1961 Yuri Gagarin was the first man to reach orbit and circled the world for 108 minutes about the spacecraft Vostok 1; the first woman launched into space was Valentina Tereshkova in 1963, orbiting the Earth for almost three days.
[ENDCOLOR] Elite Forces](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_ELITE_FORCES.png){kind=icon}
(1) Elite Forces
Game Info:
Elite Forces: Newly created Military Units receive +15 Experience. Military Units gain 50% more Experience from combat.
Historical Info:
Since the Hittite and Assyrian kings formed palace guards, every army has included Elite Forces, specialized military units trained to conduct unconventional, high-risk combat missions. Elite units came to prominence in World War II, especially in the totalitarian nations; Germany employed the likes of the Brandenburger Regiment and Skorzeny's SS Jager Battalion to devastating effect, while Fascist Italy had several specialized naval units. Since the war, units such as the Russian Spetsnaz and American Seals have carried on that tradition of ruthless efficiency.
[ENDCOLOR] Futurism](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_FUTURISM.png){kind=icon}
(1) Futurism
Game Info:
Futurism: Strengthens 🗿 Tourism of Historic Events generated by the Palace. +2 🎵 Culture from Great Works. Earn 50 🗿 Tourism when you conquer a city for the first time, scaling with Era and city size.
Historical Info:
Originating as an artistic movement in the early 20th Century in Italy, Futurism evolved into a social movement in the 1920s and 1930s. Futurism emphasized contemporary concepts of the future such as youth violence, technology, industrialism, and rapid modes of transportation such as the automobile and airplane. Although primarily a philosophical and artistic movement, it came to have a political aspect as many futurists embraced Italian Fascism in the hopes of modernizing what they viewed as an archaic, rural, backward world. Although futurism reached its highest expression in Italy, it spawned parallel movements in England, France, and especially Russia as well.
[ENDCOLOR] Iron Fist](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_UNIVERSAL_HEALTHCARE_A.png){kind=icon}
(1) Iron Fist
Game Info:
Iron Fist: Vassals can no longer be liberated by other Civilizations or the World Congress, and capitulated vassals can no longer rebel. Yields from City-States increased by 25%, Vassals tribute an additional 25% of their yields and 😊 excess Happiness, and +50% Worker Improvement rate.
Historical Info:
Ruling with an iron fist generally means to require absolute control when managing other people, often in the workplace. The saying can also refer to situations such as child-rearing or styles of government. This idiom is often used to describe the actions and practices of managers, parents, or leaders who give their subordinates little if any freedom of choice or input regarding decisions. Reasons for ruling with an iron fist can often depend on individual circumstances, such as inexperienced workers or unruly children. The effectiveness of using total control can also vary, depending on the scope of the management style and the situation.
[ENDCOLOR] Lebensraum](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_INDUSTRIAL_ESPIONAGE.png){kind=icon}
(1) Lebensraum
Game Info:
Lebensraum: Receive 10 🎵 Culture and 🌟 Golden Age Points when your borders expand, scaling with Era. Citadels may also be built in foreign territory adjacent to your borders. Retain tiles after razing Cities.
Historical Info:
Lebensraum (German for "habitat" or literally "living space") was an ideology proposing an aggressive expansion of Germany and the German people. Developed under the German Empire, it became part of German goals during the First World War and was later adopted as an important component of Nazi ideology in Germany.
[ENDCOLOR] Military-Industrial Complex](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_MOBILIZATION.png){kind=icon}
(1) Military-Industrial Complex
Game Info:
Military-Industrial Complex: -33% 💰 Gold cost of purchasing units. +3 ⚗️ Science from ⚔️ Defense Buildings, Citadels, Forts, and Unique Improvements.
Historical Info:
The military-industrial complex, or military-industrial-congressional complex, comprises the policy and monetary relationships which exist between legislators, national armed forces, and the arms industry that supports them. These relationships include political contributions, political approval for military spending, lobbying to support bureaucracies, and oversight of the industry. It is a type of iron triangle. The term is most often used in reference to the system behind the military of the United States, where it gained popularity after its use in the farewell address of President Dwight D. Eisenhower on January 17, 1961, though the term is applicable to any country with a similarly developed infrastructure.
[ENDCOLOR] New World Order](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_FORTIFIED_BORDERS.png){kind=icon}
(1) New World Order
Game Info:
New World Order: -2 Unhappiness from 🌾 and 🔨 Distress in all Cities. Police Stations and Constabularies provide +3 🎵 Culture and +5 🔨 Production, and are constructed 100% more quickly.
Historical Info:
As long ago as the construction of the Great Wall, autocratic nations have sought to limit perceived threats from invaders - as well as limit their own people's departure - through extensive fortifications along the borders. While military engineering changed dramatically from time of Hadrian's Wall in Britain to the Bar Lev Line across the Sinai, the precept remains the same, strongpoints linked by lesser fortifications and protected by anti-personnel obstacles such as stakes, pits, wires and mines. Currently the most intimidating border fortifications line the Korean Demilitarized Zone, displaying the result of opposing Fortified Borders.
[ENDCOLOR] United Front](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_UNITED_FRONT.png){kind=icon}
(1) United Front
Game Info:
United Front: Military Supply generated by Population increased by 25%. While at war, your resting point for Influence with allied City-States is increased by 100, and Militaristic City-State unit gift rates triple.
Historical Info:
A united front is a system in which revolutionaries jettison state boundaries and pursue their objectives with other like-minded individuals in countries everywhere. The system was developed by communists seeking to spread the Bolshevik Revolution to countries across Europe and around the world. The battle cry was, "Workers of the world unite!," and the proponents hoped that the under-classes of the world's nations would realize that they had more in common with each other than they did with their own countries' rulers. The workers would rise up, overthrow their capitalist oppressors, and usher in a world-wide worker's paradise. This didn't actually happen and the movement was ultimately unsuccessful. However, the united front concept is seeing something of a resurgence in the ongoing cultural struggle between the Muslim and non-Muslim worlds.
[ENDCOLOR] Lightning Warfare](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_LIGHTNING_WARFARE.png){kind=icon}
(2) Lightning Warfare
Game Info:
Lightning Warfare: +3 👣 Movement for Great Generals. Gunpowder units gain +15% attack and ignore enemy ZOC; Armored units gain +15% attack and +1 👣 Movement.
Historical Info:
Lightning Warfare, better known by the German term blitzkrieg, is a strategy that concentrates motorized forces to create a high-speed breakthrough of an enemy's lines. Using combined arms and tactical air power, Lightning Warfare seeks to keep an enemy off-balance, penetrating deep into the rear and attacking units flanking the breakthrough. Pioneered by Heinz Guderian and perfected by Erich von Manstein and Erwin Rommel, so effective was the blitzkrieg in Poland, France and Russia that the Soviet Union and Western Allies adopted it to ultimately defeat Nazi Germany.
[ENDCOLOR] Mare Nostrum](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_NATIONALISM.png){kind=icon}
(2) Mare Nostrum
Game Info:
Mare Nostrum: +1 Oil and Coal for every City-State Alliance. +2 🔨 Production and 🎵 Culture to Atolls, Fishing Boats, and Offshore Oil Platforms. Naval Ranged Units gain the Mare Nostrum Promotion.
Historical Info:
Mare Nostrum, meaning "Our Sea", refers to the Roman Empire's control of the entire Mediterranean Basin. Following Italian Unification, the term became a rallying cry for Italian expansion and reconquest, as befitting the true successors of the Roman Empire.
[ENDCOLOR] Martial Spirit](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_NEW_ORDER.png){kind=icon}
(2) Martial Spirit
Game Info:
Martial Spirit: +25% ⚔️ Combat Strength when attacking in melee for 50 turns, scaling with game speed. War Weariness reduced by 25%, and Razing Speed is doubled.
Historical Info:
Martial spirit represents the prevasiveness of competition and combat-oriented sports within a society. Today, athletes usually fight one-on-one, but may still use various skill sets such as strikes in boxing that only allows punching, taekwondo where punches and kicks are the focus or muay thai and burmese boxing that also allow the use of elbows and knees. There are also grappling based sports that may concentrate on obtaining a superior position as in freestyle or Collegiate wrestling using throws such as in judo and Greco-Roman wrestling the use of submissions as in Brazilian jiu-jitsu. Modern mixed martial arts competitions are similar to the historic Greek Olympic sport of pankration and allow a wide range of both striking and grappling techniques. Combat sports may also be armed and the athletes compete using weapons, such as types of sword in western fencing (the foil, épée and saber) and kendo (shinai). Modern combat sports may also wear complex armour, like SCA Heavy Combat and kendo. In Gatka and Modern Arnis sticks are used, sometimes representing knives and swords.
[ENDCOLOR] Police State](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_POLICE_STATE.png){kind=icon}
(2) Police State
Game Info:
Police State: +3 😊 Local Happiness from every Courthouse, and +10 City Security from Police Stations. +100% 🔨 Production towards Courthouses and Police Stations.
Historical Info:
Any government - whether left- or right-wing - that exercises rigid and repressive control over the social, economic, cultural and political life of its citizens can be said to be a Police State. A Police State is often characterized by totalitarianism and militarism, with civil liberties limited and a large internal security system in place to monitor personal activities. The term, according to the Oxford Dictionary, was first used in 1851 in several obscure German tracts; in the 1930s it came to be used in the press to describe the totalitarian and communistic governments of the time.
[ENDCOLOR] Syndicalism](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_INFILTRATION.png){kind=icon}
(2) Syndicalism
Game Info:
Syndicalism: Corporate Franchises count double in the Cities of Civilizations you are at least Popular with, and this extra Franchise does not count against your Global Franchise maximum. Can establish 5 additional Franchises in foreign Cities. +2 🔨 Production from all Corporation Offices.
Historical Info:
National syndicalism is an adaptation of syndicalism to suit the social agenda of integral nationalism. National syndicalism suggests that the people must defend themselves through the development of Syndicalist sections into massive economic worker movements. These should take immediate action to expropriate the capitalists. These should also take direct action to let the workers lead the production and to form peoples communes. National syndicalism seeks out principled reasons for direct economic action and denounces parliamentary action by representatives. The goal is not to make capitalism bearable, but the realisation of a free Nationalist and Socialist nation. National syndicalism aims to move the attention from the political terrain to the economic terrain. It wants the socialisation from the basis: a system of distribution from local units, in consultation with the National federation, on the fundament of a production and consumption statistic. As well as the organisation of the production by national industrial federations.
[ENDCOLOR] Third Alternative](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_THIRD_ALTERNATIVE.png){kind=icon}
(2) Third Alternative
Game Info:
Third Alternative: Quantity of Strategic Resources produced is increased by 100%. Reduces Unit 💰 Gold Maintenance costs by 25%.
Historical Info:
The Third Alternative, or Third Position, is a nationalist political philosophy that emphasizes its opposition to both capitalism and communism, instead synthesizing radical ideas from both. Those following this approach favor state ownership of production and the distribution of goods and services to "the productive members of society," peaceful segregation of ethnic and racial groups within the state, and have recently embraced radical environmentalism. Many political scientists have argued that the movement, which arose in the wake of World War II in countries such as Argentina and South Africa, is not a third alternative, but rather a mutation of neo-fascism and ultra-nationalism.
[ENDCOLOR] Total War](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_TOTAL_WAR.png){kind=icon}
(2) Total War
Game Info:
Total War: +25% 🔨 Production when building Land Units. Warscore increases 25% more quickly, and it is 25% easier to bully City-States.
Historical Info:
Total war is a military strategy in which a state uses every resource at its command to wage war. The entire population is mobilized for the struggle, and all non-essential activities are suspended for the duration of the conflict. If the enemy state is also engaged in the same practice than all aspects of that state are legitimate military targets, and virtually anything which weakens the enemy's ability to continue the conflict is acceptable. Cities may be bombed, unarmed vessels sunk, wells poisoned and crops burned. Total war is generally the most terrible of all forms of warfare, as it usually results in a great deal of damage to one or both of the combatants' civilian populations.
[ENDCOLOR] Air Supremacy](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_MILITARISM.png){kind=icon}
(3) Air Supremacy
Game Info:
Air Supremacy: Receive a free Airport in every City. +25% 🔨 Production when building Aircraft. Can build Zeroes.
Historical Info:
Air supremacy is a position in war where a side holds complete control of air warfare and air power over opposing forces. It is defined by NATO and the United States Department of Defense as the "degree of air superiority wherein the opposing air force is incapable of effective interference."
[ENDCOLOR] Co-Prosperity Sphere](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_GUNBOAT_DIPLOMACY.png){kind=icon}
(3) Co-Prosperity Sphere
Game Info:
Co-Prosperity Sphere: Bullying City-States no longer reduces Influence, revokes Quests, or cancels Pledges of Protection. Doing so decreases the Influence of all other Civs with the bullied City-State by 10%, and increases your Influence by 10%.
Historical Info:
The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere was an economic bloc consisting of Japan and its Asian allies, plus the occupied states which they controlled. The purported goal of this organization was East Asian cooperation, self-sufficiency, and resistance against western colonialism. In reality, the Co-Prosperity Sphere was a propaganda tool to solidify Japanese Imperial conquests. Mobilizing anti-western sentiment worked to disguise the hegemonic aims of the Japanese, and facilitated their expansion into the Dutch East Indies, where the Japanese were initially welcomed as liberators. With the conclusion of World War II, the Japanese lost control of their vassals. Even today, the idea of an East Asian economic union is met with skepticism.
[ENDCOLOR] Cult of Personality](bnw_icons/SocialPoliciesPortrait256_Exp2/POLICY_CULT_PERSONALITY.png){kind=icon}
(3) Cult of Personality
Game Info:
Cult of Personality: +50% Tourism 🗿 to civilizations fighting a common enemy. 50% of your highest Warscore counts as a 🗿 Tourism Modifier with all Civilizations. Free ⭐ Great Person of your choice.
Historical Info:
A Cult of Personality arises when an individual consciously uses media, propaganda and other means to create an idealized, heroic and/or god-like public image. Sociologist Max Weber developed a tripartite classification of authority, in which the Cult of Personality figures prominently as one form of authority. Autocratic rulers from the absolute monarchs of the Enlightenment to modern totalitarian dictators have sought to foster obedience and devotion in their subjects through the manipulation of the news and entertainment industries - some more successfully than others.